Massage has its origins in ancient history. The first recorded use of massage can be found in Chinese writings dated 3000 B.C. Hippocrates, known as the Father of Medicine, encouraged all physicians to be experienced in the techniques of massage, which he called rubbing. He believed that "hard rubbing binds, much rubbing causes parts to waste and moderate rubbing makes them grow.He also proclaimed the way to health is to have an aromatic bath and scented massage every day. During his time, around 400 B.C., massage spread to all nations of the Old World. It was used by the Greeks, Romans, Arabians, Chinese, Japanese and Indians. The Romans often used massage as a substitute for more strenuous exercise and to help overcome the effects of excessive drinking and overeating.The science and art of massage gradually died out during the Middle Ages but was revived in the beginning of the nineteenth century by Peter Henrik Ling. a Swedish fencing master. He was the first person to succeed in establishing that massage should be recognized scientifically. It was not until 1813 that massage was studied scientifically at the newly established Royal Central Institute in Sweden. Massage movements were developed thoroghly and systematically. Around 1877, massage was introduced to the United States.